While the war in Ukraine is likely far from over, this analysis comes to several initial conclusions.įirst, the Russian military faced considerable logistics challenges, in part because of poor training and planning. The final involved background interviews with Western government officials and other subject matter experts. Another was a force disposition map of the battlefield, in which CSIS analysts compiled and assessed Russian and Ukrainian tactical and operational activity. One included collecting and analyzing primary and secondary sources on the war, including military and intelligence assessments from Western countries. To answer the main questions, this analysis relied on several types of information. 1 The operational level links the tactical utilization of forces to strategic objectives and includes such aspects as fire and maneuver, logistics, intelligence, command and control, and planning.

It asks: What are some of the most important military lessons from the first three months of the war? What do these lessons suggest about the future of the war? The assessment focuses predominantly on the operational level of warfare, especially the planning and conduct of the military campaign. This analysis examines lessons from Russian air, ground, cyber, and other domains following Moscow’s February 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Nevertheless, Russia is still attempting a de facto annexation of parts of eastern and southern Ukraine that it controls. Russia’s failures will force the Russian military to fundamentally rethink its training practices, organizational structure, culture, logistics, recruitment and retention policies, and planning efforts. These and other challenges-including Ukrainian military efforts and Western aid-severely impacted Russian air, ground, cyber, and maritime operations. Russia has failed to achieve most of its objectives in Ukraine because of poor military planning, significant logistical problems, low combat readiness, and other deficiencies, which undermined Russian military effectiveness.

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